Land Use & Marine Resources
Agriculture, forestry, blue carbon, fisheries
- Forestry & Reforestation
- Sustainable Agriculture & Soil Carbon
- Marine Conservation & Blue Carbon
- Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services
Forestry & Reforestation
Source Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| source | cbi |
| source_version | CBI Taxonomy (current) |
| source_id | CBI-LND-001 |
| cbi_sector | Land Use & Marine Resources |
| bond_eligible | Y |
| mitigation | Y |
| adaptation | Y |
| last_checked | 2026-05-26 |
CBI Sector Criteria
CBI Forestry Criteria require that certified forest assets maintain or increase carbon stocks while meeting sustainability safeguards. Eligible forests must be managed under a credible sustainable forest management (SFM) plan, and must demonstrate net carbon sequestration over the certification period. The criteria explicitly exclude conversion of natural ecosystems and require compliance with legal frameworks on land tenure and indigenous rights.
Eligible Activities & Assets
Eligible assets include: afforestation and reforestation on degraded or non-forest land; sustainable commercial plantation forestry with SFM certification (FSC or equivalent); native forest restoration and ecological rehabilitation; agroforestry systems integrating trees with agricultural production; avoided deforestation and forest conservation (REDD+) investments; forest fire prevention and management infrastructure; and sustainable timber processing facilities linked to certified forests.
Certification Process
Verifiers assess forest management plans, carbon stock projections, and sustainability certifications. Pre-issuance review includes land tenure documentation, baseline carbon assessments, and environmental and social safeguards. Post-issuance monitoring requires periodic forest inventory, carbon stock verification, and evidence of ongoing SFM compliance. Third-party forest certification (FSC, PEFC) is typically expected.
LATAM Market Context
LATAM is a priority region for forestry-linked green bonds given its vast forest resources and deforestation pressures. Brazil's Suzano has issued CBI-certified green bonds for sustainable eucalyptus plantation management. Chile's forestry sector and Colombia's reforestation programs offer bond issuance potential. The Amazon region attracts international green bond interest for avoided deforestation and restoration projects.
Colombia Green Finance Taxonomy Alignment
The TVC includes reforestation, afforestation, and sustainable forest management as eligible activities under both mitigation and adaptation. Colombia's commitment to plant 180 million trees and its post-conflict rural development programs in former FARC territories create reforestation investment opportunities. CBI forestry criteria align with Colombia's Estrategia Nacional REDD+ and Visión Amazonia programs.
Cleantech Taxonomy Crosswalk
Maps to Cleantech Taxonomy sector AF (AFOLU) — specifically AF-FR (Forestry) and AF-RF (Reforestation). Cross-references to WW (Water) for watershed forest management and to XS (Cross-Sectoral) for REDD+ and carbon market integration.
Sustainable Agriculture & Soil Carbon
Source Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| source | cbi |
| source_version | CBI Taxonomy (current) |
| source_id | CBI-LND-002 |
| cbi_sector | Land Use & Marine Resources |
| bond_eligible | partial |
| mitigation | Y |
| adaptation | Y |
| last_checked | 2026-05-26 |
CBI Sector Criteria
CBI Agriculture Criteria are under ongoing development, with current guidance establishing conditional eligibility. Agricultural projects must demonstrate emission reductions or carbon sequestration beyond business-as-usual practices. Soil carbon enhancement through regenerative agriculture qualifies when monitoring and verification protocols are in place. The criteria prohibit conversion of natural habitats and require sustainable intensification rather than extensification of agricultural land.
Eligible Activities & Assets
Eligible assets include: regenerative agriculture transitions (no-till, cover cropping, rotational grazing); soil carbon sequestration programs with MRV (monitoring, reporting, verification) systems; precision agriculture technology reducing fertilizer and water use; protected agriculture (greenhouses, controlled environment agriculture); sustainable crop diversification away from monocultures; agricultural renewable energy installations; and irrigation efficiency improvements reducing water and energy intensity.
Certification Process
Verifiers assess agricultural practice changes against baseline emission profiles. Pre-issuance review includes farm management plans, soil carbon baseline measurements, and sustainability practice documentation. Post-issuance monitoring requires periodic soil sampling, input tracking (fertilizer, energy, water), and yield performance data. Third-party sustainability certifications (Rainforest Alliance, organic) support but do not replace CBI verification.
LATAM Market Context
LATAM's agricultural sector is a major emissions source and mitigation opportunity. Brazil's ABC Plan (Low Carbon Agriculture) has attracted green financing for sustainable farming practices. Colombia's coffee, cacao, and palm oil sectors are transitioning toward climate-smart practices. Green bonds for sustainable agriculture are emerging, often bundled with forestry and land-use components in thematic portfolios.
Colombia Green Finance Taxonomy Alignment
The TVC includes sustainable agriculture and soil management as eligible activities. Colombia's Misión de Crecimiento Verde identified climate-smart agriculture as a priority. Coffee and cacao sustainability programs (supported by FNC and Fedecacao) align with CBI criteria. The TVC has developed implementation proxies for agriculture sector verification, enabling green bond structuring for Colombian agribusiness.
Cleantech Taxonomy Crosswalk
Maps to Cleantech Taxonomy sector AF (AFOLU) — specifically AF-AG (Agriculture) and AF-SC (Soil Carbon). Cross-references to WW (Water) for irrigation efficiency, ES (Energy) for on-farm renewable energy, and WA (Waste) for agricultural waste valorization.
Marine Conservation & Blue Carbon
Source Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| source | cbi |
| source_version | CBI Taxonomy (current) |
| source_id | CBI-LND-003 |
| cbi_sector | Land Use & Marine Resources |
| bond_eligible | partial |
| mitigation | Y |
| adaptation | Y |
| last_checked | 2026-05-26 |
CBI Sector Criteria
CBI's Marine Renewables and Fisheries Criteria address marine conservation and blue carbon, though criteria are still evolving. Blue carbon ecosystems — mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes — are recognized for their exceptional carbon sequestration capacity. Projects must demonstrate measurable carbon stock maintenance or enhancement and comply with marine biodiversity safeguards. CBI is developing specific blue bond guidance to standardize certification for ocean-related investments.
Eligible Activities & Assets
Eligible assets include: mangrove restoration and conservation; seagrass meadow protection and rehabilitation; salt marsh restoration; coral reef conservation and assisted recovery; sustainable aquaculture with low environmental footprint; marine protected area establishment and management; coastal blue carbon monitoring and verification infrastructure; and sustainable fisheries management investments meeting science-based harvest criteria.
Certification Process
Verifiers assess blue carbon stock baselines, sequestration projections, and biodiversity safeguards. Pre-issuance review includes ecosystem condition assessments, carbon accounting methodologies, and management plans. Post-issuance monitoring requires periodic ecosystem surveys, carbon stock measurements, and compliance with marine protected area regulations. Blue carbon MRV protocols are still maturing internationally.
LATAM Market Context
LATAM holds globally significant blue carbon resources, with extensive mangrove forests along Caribbean and Pacific coasts. S&P Global has identified LATAM as leading the way for nature financing in sustainable bonds. Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico have substantial mangrove and marine conservation investment opportunities. Blue bonds are an emerging asset class in the region, supported by IDB and multilateral financing frameworks.
Colombia Green Finance Taxonomy Alignment
The TVC includes marine and coastal ecosystem conservation as eligible activities. Colombia's extensive Caribbean and Pacific coastlines support significant mangrove forests and coral ecosystems. The Subsistema de Áreas Marinas Protegidas and the national mangrove conservation program align with CBI criteria. Colombia's blue economy strategy creates a policy framework for blue bond issuance.
Cleantech Taxonomy Crosswalk
Maps to Cleantech Taxonomy sector AF (AFOLU) — specifically AF-MC (Marine Conservation) and AF-BC (Blue Carbon). Cross-references to WW (Water) for coastal water quality, TR-MA (Transport: Maritime) for sustainable port interactions, and XS (Cross-Sectoral) for blue economy integration.
Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services
Source Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| source | cbi |
| source_version | CBI Taxonomy (current) |
| source_id | CBI-LND-004 |
| cbi_sector | Land Use & Marine Resources |
| bond_eligible | partial |
| mitigation | Y |
| adaptation | Y |
| last_checked | 2026-05-26 |
CBI Sector Criteria
CBI increasingly recognizes biodiversity and ecosystem services within its taxonomy framework, reflecting growing market demand for nature-positive investments. While dedicated biodiversity criteria are under development, projects that protect or restore ecosystems delivering climate benefits (carbon sequestration, natural flood regulation, microclimate regulation) can qualify under existing land use and resilience criteria. The CBI Resilience Criteria (V4.3) provide an additional pathway for ecosystem-based adaptation investments.
Eligible Activities & Assets
Eligible assets include: terrestrial protected area establishment and management; ecological corridor creation connecting fragmented habitats; degraded ecosystem restoration (wetlands, grasslands, páramos); payments for ecosystem services (PES) program infrastructure; biodiversity monitoring and conservation technology; invasive species management programs; and seed banks and genetic conservation facilities supporting ecosystem resilience.
Certification Process
Verifiers assess ecosystem baseline conditions, restoration targets, and climate co-benefits. Pre-issuance review includes biodiversity assessments, restoration plans with measurable targets, and carbon co-benefit quantification. Post-issuance monitoring requires biodiversity indicators, ecosystem condition surveys, and evidence of continued management. The evolving nature of biodiversity criteria means certification may require demonstrating climate mitigation or adaptation co-benefits.
LATAM Market Context
LATAM is the world's most biodiverse region, creating significant demand for nature-positive green bonds. S&P Global projects LATAM to lead global nature financing through sustainable bond instruments. Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica are megadiverse countries with strong conservation policy frameworks. Biodiversity-themed bonds are emerging, often bundled with forestry and blue carbon in thematic sustainability portfolios.
Colombia Green Finance Taxonomy Alignment
The TVC includes biodiversity conservation as a cross-cutting environmental objective. Colombia's Política Nacional de Biodiversidad and its páramo protection laws align with CBI criteria. As the second most biodiverse country globally, Colombia has unique green bond opportunities in ecosystem restoration, particularly in Andean páramos, Amazon rainforest, and Chocó-Darién biodiversity hotspot.
Cleantech Taxonomy Crosswalk
Maps to Cleantech Taxonomy sector AF (AFOLU) — specifically AF-BD (Biodiversity) and AF-ES (Ecosystem Services). Cross-references to WW (Water) for watershed ecosystem services, XS (Cross-Sectoral) for nature-based solutions integration, and AF-FR (Forestry) for forest ecosystem components.