| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-001 |
| **origo\_label** | Solar PV (Utility & Distributed) |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Renewable energy generation — solar |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE D35.11 electricity generation from solar PV |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Solar energy criteria under CBI Energy sector |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS solar PV generation and distributed solar |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Generación de energía eléctrica a partir de energía solar fotovoltaica |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — core pillar of Colombia NDC 51% GHG reduction by 2030; solar expansion target under Transición Energética |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 renewable energy mandates; Art. 3 climate mitigation measures |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 4 CLP cohort companies with solar deployment projects; Sustenttia diagnostics cover energy sourcing |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Utility-scale and distributed solar photovoltaic generation, including ground-mounted solar farms, rooftop installations, and floating solar. This node covers the full value chain from module manufacturing to grid-connected and off-grid deployment. In LATAM, Colombia and Chile lead utility-scale solar pipeline growth, with Colombia's irradiation levels in La Guajira and Cesar among the highest in South America.
### Colombia Context
Colombia's Ley 2099 de 2021 (Ley de Transición Energética) established tax exemptions on solar equipment imports and a 50% income tax deduction for renewable energy investments. CONPES 4075 (Política de Transición Energética Justa) specifically targets La Guajira and Cesar as priority solar corridors, with over 3.5 GW of solar projects in the UPME registry as of 2025. The CREG has issued regulations enabling distributed solar under Resolución 174 de 2021, allowing net metering for installations up to 1 MW. MinMinas targets 12% of installed capacity from non-conventional renewables by 2030, with solar PV as the primary growth vector. Colombia's average solar irradiation of 4.5 kWh/m²/day nationally, and up to 6.0 kWh/m²/day in La Guajira, positions utility-scale solar as cost-competitive with thermal generation.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
CLP cohort includes 4 companies active in distributed and utility-scale solar: installation, EPC, and maintenance services. Sustenttia diagnostic platform captures energy sourcing profiles for assessed enterprises, flagging solar adoption readiness. REIN Hub field data from Cesar and Santander documents solar deployment barriers in rural PDET territories.
### Green Finance Alignment
Fully aligned with Colombia's Taxonomía Verde de Colombia (TVC) under the energy sector. CBI-eligible under solar energy criteria with third-party verification. EU Taxonomy alignment under NACE D35.11 with Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) requirements for land use and biodiversity. Green bond issuances by Bancolombia and Davivienda have financed solar projects under TVC criteria since 2023.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-001",
"origo_label": "Solar PV (Utility & Distributed)",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Renewable energy generation \u2014 solar",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE D35.11 electricity generation from solar PV",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Solar energy criteria under CBI Energy sector",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS solar PV generation and distributed solar",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica a partir de energ\u00eda solar fotovoltaica",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 core pillar of Colombia NDC 51% GHG reduction by 2030; solar expansion target under Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 renewable energy mandates; Art. 3 climate mitigation measures",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 4 CLP cohort companies with solar deployment projects; Sustenttia diagnostics cover energy sourcing",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-002 — Wind Energy
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-002 |
| **origo\_label** | Wind Energy |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Renewable energy generation — wind (onshore) |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE D35.11 electricity generation from wind power |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Wind energy criteria under CBI Energy sector |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS onshore wind generation |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Generación de energía eléctrica a partir de energía eólica |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — wind capacity expansion is central to NDC renewable energy targets |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | N — no CLP cohort companies directly in wind; potential future pipeline |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | N |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Onshore and nearshore wind power generation, including turbine manufacturing, wind farm development, and grid integration. Colombia's Atlantic coast, particularly the Alta Guajira, holds some of the best wind resources in Latin America with average wind speeds exceeding 9 m/s. The sector is nascent but growing rapidly as part of Colombia's just energy transition strategy.
### Colombia Context
La Guajira holds an estimated 25 GW of onshore wind potential, making it Colombia's primary wind corridor. Ley 2099 de 2021 provides the same tax incentives for wind as for solar, including VAT exemption on equipment and accelerated depreciation. CONPES 4075 explicitly addresses the social license challenges in La Guajira, mandating prior consultation with Wayúu indigenous communities for wind projects. The Jepírachi wind farm (19.5 MW, operational since 2004) remains the only grid-connected wind farm, but over 2.5 GW of projects have environmental licenses from ANLA. Windmar, Enel Green Power, and AES Colombia are the leading developers. Transmission constraints via the Colectora line remain the primary bottleneck — UPME's transmission plan targets a 500 kV line connecting Cuestecitas to the national grid by 2027.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
No direct CLP cohort data on wind energy companies. CTH market intelligence tracks La Guajira wind pipeline through UPME registry data. Future REIN Hub deployments in La Guajira may capture community-level wind project impacts.
### Green Finance Alignment
Fully TVC-aligned under the energy sector for wind generation. CBI-eligible with established wind energy criteria. EU Taxonomy aligned under NACE D35.11. IDB Invest and IFC have provided project finance for La Guajira wind farms. Green bond potential is high but depends on resolution of transmission and social license barriers.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-002",
"origo_label": "Wind Energy",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Renewable energy generation \u2014 wind (onshore)",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE D35.11 electricity generation from wind power",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Wind energy criteria under CBI Energy sector",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS onshore wind generation",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica a partir de energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 wind capacity expansion is central to NDC renewable energy targets",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "N \u2014 no CLP cohort companies directly in wind; potential future pipeline",
"cth_data_coverage": "N",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-003 — Small Hydropower
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-003 |
| **origo\_label** | Small Hydropower |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Renewable energy generation — small hydro |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Partial — EU Taxonomy includes hydro under D35.11 but with strict DNSH criteria on ecological flow and river connectivity |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Hydro criteria under CBI, limited to run-of-river and small scale (<25 MW) |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS hydropower (small-scale category) |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Generación de energía eléctrica a partir de pequeñas centrales hidroeléctricas (PCH) |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — maintaining and expanding clean hydro base is part of NDC strategy |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 renewable energy portfolio |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 2 CLP companies in micro-hydro development for rural communities |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Small hydropower (PCH, <20 MW) and micro-hydro (<1 MW) generation, including run-of-river systems. Colombia derives approximately 70% of its electricity from hydropower, making it the backbone of the national grid. However, climate variability (El Niño/La Niña cycles) increasingly threatens hydro reliability, driving diversification into solar and wind.
### Colombia Context
Colombia's hydro-dominant grid (approximately 12 GW of large hydro, plus 1 GW of PCH) is both an asset and a vulnerability. The 2015-2016 El Niño event caused severe energy rationing, accelerating policy support for non-hydro renewables under Ley 1715 and subsequently Ley 2099. PCH projects (<20 MW) are classified as non-conventional renewables under Colombian law and qualify for Ley 2099 incentives. The IPSE (Instituto de Planificación y Promoción de Soluciones Energéticas) promotes micro-hydro in Zonas No Interconectadas (ZNI). CONPES 4075 recognizes small hydro's role in rural electrification but emphasizes complementarity with solar to reduce climate vulnerability. CREG Resolución 243 de 2016 regulates PCH grid connection and dispatch priority.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
Two CLP cohort companies develop micro-hydro systems for off-grid rural communities in Antioquia and Nariño. Sustenttia diagnostics capture energy source profiles where hydro is the primary input. REIN Hub data from PDET municipalities documents existing PCH installations and their operational status.
### Green Finance Alignment
TVC-aligned for small hydropower generation. CBI eligibility is limited to run-of-river and projects under 25 MW with demonstrated ecological flow maintenance. EU Taxonomy alignment is partial — strict DNSH criteria require environmental impact assessments demonstrating no degradation of water body status. Findeter has offered green credit lines for PCH projects in rural Colombia.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-003",
"origo_label": "Small Hydropower",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Renewable energy generation \u2014 small hydro",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Partial \u2014 EU Taxonomy includes hydro under D35.11 but with strict DNSH criteria on ecological flow and river connectivity",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Hydro criteria under CBI, limited to run-of-river and small scale (<25 MW)",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS hydropower (small-scale category)",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica a partir de peque\u00f1as centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas (PCH)",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 maintaining and expanding clean hydro base is part of NDC strategy",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 renewable energy portfolio",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 2 CLP companies in micro-hydro development for rural communities",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-004 — Energy Storage (Battery & Grid)
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-004 |
| **origo\_label** | Energy Storage (Battery & Grid) |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Energy storage — battery and grid-scale |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE C27.20 manufacture of batteries; D35.11 electricity storage |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Energy storage criteria under CBI, enabling renewable integration |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS energy storage systems |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Almacenamiento de energía para integración de fuentes renovables |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Partial |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — enabling technology for NDC renewable targets requiring grid flexibility |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 as enabling infrastructure for renewable deployment |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | N — no CLP companies in storage; emerging market |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | N |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Battery energy storage systems (BESS), grid-scale storage, and behind-the-meter storage solutions. Encompasses lithium-ion, flow batteries, and emerging chemistries. Storage is critical for integrating variable renewables (solar, wind) into grids and enabling off-grid electrification. In Colombia, storage addresses both grid stability during renewable ramp-up and energy access in Zonas No Interconectadas.
### Colombia Context
Colombia's grid operator XM has identified energy storage as essential for managing the transition from a hydro-thermal to a hydro-solar-wind system. CREG issued Resolución 098 de 2022 establishing the regulatory framework for energy storage participation in the wholesale market. The TVC includes storage as an eligible activity under the energy sector, though specific technical screening criteria are still being refined. MinMinas' Plan Energético Nacional 2020-2050 identifies storage as a strategic technology. Pilot projects include Enel's BESS in Magdalena Medio and Celsia's behind-the-meter installations. Off-grid storage paired with solar PV is being deployed by IPSE in ZNI communities of Chocó and Vaupés. Colombia has no domestic lithium production, making battery supply chain a strategic import dependency.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance. However, lithium and cobalt supply chains for batteries have broader environmental due diligence considerations under EU Battery Regulation (separate from EUDR).
### CTH Data Coverage
No CLP cohort companies are currently in energy storage. This is an emerging market in Colombia with limited SME participation. Future CLP cohorts may include storage integrators as the market develops. Sustenttia diagnostics do not yet include storage-specific assessment modules.
### Green Finance Alignment
Partial TVC alignment — storage is recognized but technical screening criteria are evolving. CBI-eligible when demonstrably enabling renewable energy integration. EU Taxonomy aligned under both manufacturing (C27.20) and electricity storage (D35.11) with lifecycle emissions thresholds. GCF and IDB have funded storage pilots in Colombia as part of grid modernisation packages.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-004",
"origo_label": "Energy Storage (Battery & Grid)",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Energy storage \u2014 battery and grid-scale",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE C27.20 manufacture of batteries; D35.11 electricity storage",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Energy storage criteria under CBI, enabling renewable integration",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS energy storage systems",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Almacenamiento de energ\u00eda para integraci\u00f3n de fuentes renovables",
"col_gf_aligned": "Partial",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 enabling technology for NDC renewable targets requiring grid flexibility",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 as enabling infrastructure for renewable deployment",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "N \u2014 no CLP companies in storage; emerging market",
"cth_data_coverage": "N",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-005 — Grid Modernisation
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-005 |
| **origo\_label** | Grid Modernisation |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Low-carbon electricity systems — transmission and distribution |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE D35.12 transmission; D35.13 distribution of electricity |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Grid infrastructure enabling renewable integration under CBI criteria |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS electricity networks and smart grids |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Modernización y expansión de redes eléctricas para integración de renovables |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — grid expansion is a prerequisite for achieving NDC renewable capacity targets |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 enabling infrastructure |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | N — grid infrastructure is beyond CLP SME scope; large utility domain |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | N |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Modernisation of electricity transmission and distribution networks, including smart grid technologies, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), demand-side management, and grid digitalisation. In Colombia, grid modernisation is essential to accommodate the influx of variable renewables from La Guajira and Cesar into the Interconnected National System (SIN) operated by XM.
### Colombia Context
XM operates Colombia's wholesale electricity market and system dispatch. UPME's Plan de Expansión de Transmisión 2024-2038 identifies over $5 billion in required grid investments, including the critical Colectora transmission line connecting La Guajira wind/solar to demand centers. CREG Resolución 015 de 2018 established the smart metering framework (AMI), targeting 75% smart meter penetration by 2030. The SIN serves approximately 98% of the population, but Zonas No Interconectadas (ZNI) require off-grid solutions. Grid losses average 13.5% nationally (up to 25% in Caribe region), representing a major efficiency opportunity. ISA (Interconexión Eléctrica S.A.) is the dominant transmission operator, with Grupo Energía Bogotá and Celsia as key distribution players.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
Grid modernisation falls outside the CLP cohort scope (large utility infrastructure). CTH monitors grid expansion via UPME and XM public data for market intelligence purposes. No direct Sustenttia or REIN Hub data on grid assets.
### Green Finance Alignment
TVC-aligned for grid infrastructure supporting renewable integration. CBI-eligible under enabling infrastructure criteria. EU Taxonomy aligned under NACE D35.12 and D35.13 with lifecycle emissions thresholds for grid infrastructure. IDB and World Bank have been primary financiers for Colombia grid modernisation, including the ongoing $500M IDB-backed grid strengthening program.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-005",
"origo_label": "Grid Modernisation",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Low-carbon electricity systems \u2014 transmission and distribution",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE D35.12 transmission; D35.13 distribution of electricity",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Grid infrastructure enabling renewable integration under CBI criteria",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS electricity networks and smart grids",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Modernizaci\u00f3n y expansi\u00f3n de redes el\u00e9ctricas para integraci\u00f3n de renovables",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 grid expansion is a prerequisite for achieving NDC renewable capacity targets",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 enabling infrastructure",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "N \u2014 grid infrastructure is beyond CLP SME scope; large utility domain",
"cth_data_coverage": "N",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-006 — Distributed Generation & Prosumers
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-006 |
| **origo\_label** | Distributed Generation & Prosumers |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Renewable energy generation — distributed |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE D35.11 distributed electricity generation from renewables |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Distributed renewable generation under CBI Energy criteria |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS distributed energy resources |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Autogeneración y generación distribuida a partir de fuentes renovables |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — distributed generation supports both mitigation and energy access targets in NDC |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 3 CLP companies offer distributed solar installation and prosumer services |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Self-generation (autogeneración) and distributed generation from renewable sources, including prosumer models where consumers both produce and consume electricity. Covers net metering, net billing, and power purchase agreements for distributed resources. Colombia's regulatory framework for distributed generation has evolved significantly since Ley 1715 de 2014, creating growing opportunities for SMEs and communities.
### Colombia Context
Ley 1715 de 2014 established the foundational framework for distributed generation and self-generation in Colombia, subsequently strengthened by Ley 2099 de 2021. CREG Resolución 174 de 2021 defines net metering (medición bidireccional) for installations up to 1 MW, allowing prosumers to sell surplus to the grid. CREG Resolución 075 de 2021 regulates distributed generation up to 5 MW. As of 2025, over 3,500 distributed generation installations are registered with the SUI (Sistema Único de Información), predominantly rooftop solar. EPM, Celsia, and Enel-Codensa offer prosumer programs in Medellín, Cali, and Bogotá respectively. Tax benefits under Ley 2099 include 50% income tax deduction, VAT exemption, and customs duty exemption for equipment. Community energy models (comunidades energéticas) are emerging in Santander and Boyacá, supported by Ley 2099 Art. 13.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
Three CLP cohort companies are active in distributed generation: two in rooftop solar EPC and one in prosumer energy management software. Sustenttia diagnostics capture enterprise energy sourcing and distributed generation adoption indicators. REIN Hub data from Santander documents community solar installations in rural municipalities.
### Green Finance Alignment
Fully TVC-aligned for distributed renewable generation. CBI-eligible under distributed energy criteria. EU Taxonomy aligned under D35.11. Bancoldex offers green credit lines for distributed generation projects through financial intermediaries. Microfinance institutions (Bancamía, Contactar) have piloted solar prosumer loans for low-income households with IDB support.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-006",
"origo_label": "Distributed Generation & Prosumers",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Renewable energy generation \u2014 distributed",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE D35.11 distributed electricity generation from renewables",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Distributed renewable generation under CBI Energy criteria",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS distributed energy resources",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Autogeneraci\u00f3n y generaci\u00f3n distribuida a partir de fuentes renovables",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 distributed generation supports both mitigation and energy access targets in NDC",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 3 CLP companies offer distributed solar installation and prosumer services",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-007 — Clean Cooking
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-007 |
| **origo\_label** | Clean Cooking |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Low-carbon buildings — clean cooking and heating |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | N — not directly covered by EU Taxonomy (focused on industrialised-country building standards) |
| **cbi\_eligible** | N — no specific CBI criteria for clean cooking |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS clean cooking and modern energy access |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Sustitución de biomasa tradicional por soluciones de cocción limpia |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Partial |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — clean cooking is an explicit NDC health co-benefit target and deforestation reduction measure |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 3 mitigation measures with health co-benefits |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 1 CLP company develops improved cookstove technology |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Transition from traditional biomass cooking (wood, charcoal) to clean cooking solutions including LPG, electric cooking, improved biomass stoves, and biogas digesters. Clean cooking reduces indoor air pollution (a leading cause of respiratory illness), deforestation, and black carbon emissions. In rural Colombia, an estimated 1.5 million households still depend on traditional biomass for cooking.
### Colombia Context
Colombia's NDC identifies clean cooking as a priority health-climate nexus intervention, targeting the replacement of 500,000 traditional cookstoves by 2030. MinMinas' Estrategia Nacional de Cocción Limpia promotes LPG distribution expansion and electric cooking in areas with reliable grid access. The IPSE supports clean cooking transitions in ZNI through solar-electric cooking pilots. DNP (Departamento Nacional de Planeación) estimates that indoor air pollution from biomass cooking causes approximately 3,000 premature deaths annually. The World Bank's Colombia Clean Cooking Fund has disbursed $15 million for improved cookstove distribution in Cauca, Nariño, and Chocó. Carbon credits from cookstove projects are traded on the Bolsa Mercantil de Colombia, with Gold Standard and Verra certification. CONPES 4075 links clean cooking to the just energy transition, particularly for ethnic and campesino communities in PDET territories.
### EUDR Relevance
Indirect EUDR relevance: clean cooking reduces demand for fuelwood, which contributes to deforestation of tropical forests. In cacao and coffee-growing regions (Tumaco, Catatumbo), cookstove transitions can complement EUDR deforestation-free supply chain goals.
### CTH Data Coverage
One CLP cohort company develops improved biomass cookstoves with carbon credit monetisation. Sustenttia diagnostics capture energy source for cooking in enterprise worker welfare assessments. REIN Hub data from PDET municipalities in Nariño and Cauca documents cookstove adoption rates and fuelwood consumption patterns.
### Green Finance Alignment
Partial TVC alignment — recognized as a mitigation activity but not a primary TVC screening category. Not CBI-eligible under current criteria. Carbon credit revenues are the primary finance mechanism through voluntary carbon markets. GCF has funded clean cooking programs in Colombia through BIOS and OLADE implementing entities.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-007",
"origo_label": "Clean Cooking",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Low-carbon buildings \u2014 clean cooking and heating",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "N \u2014 not directly covered by EU Taxonomy (focused on industrialised-country building standards)",
"cbi_eligible": "N \u2014 no specific CBI criteria for clean cooking",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS clean cooking and modern energy access",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Sustituci\u00f3n de biomasa tradicional por soluciones de cocci\u00f3n limpia",
"col_gf_aligned": "Partial",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 clean cooking is an explicit NDC health co-benefit target and deforestation reduction measure",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 3 mitigation measures with health co-benefits",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 1 CLP company develops improved cookstove technology",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-008 — Energy Efficiency (Industrial)
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-008 |
| **origo\_label** | Energy Efficiency (Industrial) |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Energy efficiency — industry |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — multiple NACE codes covering industrial energy efficiency improvements |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Energy efficiency criteria under CBI with verified energy savings |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS industry energy efficiency |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Eficiencia energética en procesos industriales y comerciales |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — industrial energy efficiency is a core NDC mitigation measure with quantified targets |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 3 mitigation; Art. 8 energy efficiency mandates |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 5 CLP companies provide energy efficiency auditing and implementation services |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Industrial energy efficiency improvements including process optimisation, waste heat recovery, variable speed drives, high-efficiency motors, thermal insulation, and energy management systems (ISO 50001). Colombia's industrial sector accounts for approximately 30% of national energy consumption, with significant efficiency improvement potential in cement, steel, food processing, and chemicals.
### Colombia Context
PROURE (Programa de Uso Racional y Eficiente de Energía) is Colombia's national energy efficiency program, administered by MinMinas with UPME technical support. CONPES 4075 sets industrial energy efficiency targets of 18% improvement in energy intensity by 2030. Ley 2099 Art. 15 establishes energy efficiency obligations for large industrial consumers (>55 GWh/year). The SGIE (Sistema de Gestión Integral de la Energía) framework promotes ISO 50001 adoption in industry. ANDI (Asociación Nacional de Industriales) reports that only 12% of large industrial firms have implemented energy management systems. MinMinas Resolución 40203 de 2020 establishes minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for industrial motors and transformers. Tax incentives under Ley 2099 include IVA exclusion for energy efficiency equipment and 25% income tax deduction for efficiency investments.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance. However, energy efficiency in agro-industrial processing (palm oil mills, coffee processing) indirectly supports EUDR supply chain sustainability metrics.
### CTH Data Coverage
Five CLP cohort companies provide energy efficiency services: auditing, LED lighting retrofits, industrial process optimisation, and energy management consulting. Sustenttia diagnostics include energy consumption per unit of production as a core environmental indicator. REIN Hub data captures energy efficiency adoption in agricultural processing facilities across PDET territories.
### Green Finance Alignment
Fully TVC-aligned for industrial energy efficiency. CBI-eligible with verified energy savings of at least 30% improvement. EU Taxonomy aligned across multiple NACE codes with substantial contribution thresholds. Bancóldex offers green credit lines specifically for energy efficiency investments. IFC has provided $200 million in energy efficiency credit lines through Colombian financial intermediaries.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-008",
"origo_label": "Energy Efficiency (Industrial)",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Energy efficiency \u2014 industry",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 multiple NACE codes covering industrial energy efficiency improvements",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Energy efficiency criteria under CBI with verified energy savings",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS industry energy efficiency",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en procesos industriales y comerciales",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 industrial energy efficiency is a core NDC mitigation measure with quantified targets",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 3 mitigation; Art. 8 energy efficiency mandates",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 5 CLP companies provide energy efficiency auditing and implementation services",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-009 — Green Hydrogen
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-009 |
| **origo\_label** | Green Hydrogen |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Low-carbon fuels — green hydrogen |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Y — NACE C20.11 manufacture of hydrogen; strict lifecycle emissions threshold |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Hydrogen criteria under CBI with production emissions cap |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS hydrogen production (electrolysis from renewables) |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Producción de hidrógeno verde mediante electrólisis con energías renovables |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — green hydrogen is identified in Colombia's Long-Term Strategy as key to hard-to-abate sector decarbonisation |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 3 mitigation; Art. 7 clean energy development |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | N — nascent market with no CLP SME participation yet |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | N |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Production of hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable electricity (green hydrogen), and its application in industry, transport, and energy storage. Green hydrogen is a nascent but strategically important sector globally and in Colombia, where exceptional renewable resources in La Guajira position the country as a potential export hub.
### Colombia Context
Colombia published its Hoja de Ruta del Hidrógeno in September 2021, setting targets of 1-3 GW of electrolyser capacity by 2030 and positioning La Guajira as the production epicenter. Ley 2099 Art. 14 establishes regulatory sandbox provisions for hydrogen pilot projects. MinMinas created the Misión de Hidrógeno Verde y Azul to coordinate policy. Ecopetrol, the state oil company, has committed $1 billion to green hydrogen by 2030 as part of its energy transition strategy. Siemens Energy and EDF signed MoUs with the Colombian government for La Guajira green H2 projects. The hydrogen roadmap identifies five priority applications: ammonia production (fertilizers), oil refining, heavy transport, mining, and export to Europe/East Asia. Current delivered green hydrogen cost in Colombia is estimated at $4-6/kg, with a target of $1.5-2/kg by 2030 as electrolyser and renewable costs decline. CONPES 4075 includes green hydrogen as a pillar of the just energy transition, emphasizing local value chain development.
### EUDR Relevance
This node has no direct EUDR commodity relevance.
### CTH Data Coverage
No CLP cohort companies are in green hydrogen. This is an emerging market dominated by large corporates (Ecopetrol, Promigas) and international developers. CTH monitors the hydrogen pipeline for future taxonomy and market intelligence updates. Sustenttia does not yet include hydrogen-specific assessment modules.
### Green Finance Alignment
Fully TVC-aligned for green hydrogen production. CBI-eligible under hydrogen criteria with lifecycle emissions cap of 4.4 kgCO2e/kgH2. EU Taxonomy aligned under C20.11 with strict 3.0 tCO2e/tH2 lifecycle threshold (Delegated Act). IDB and GIZ have funded hydrogen feasibility studies in Colombia. The Hydrogen Council projects $2.5 billion in LATAM hydrogen investment by 2030, with Colombia capturing 15-20%.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-009",
"origo_label": "Green Hydrogen",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Low-carbon fuels \u2014 green hydrogen",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Y \u2014 NACE C20.11 manufacture of hydrogen; strict lifecycle emissions threshold",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Hydrogen criteria under CBI with production emissions cap",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS hydrogen production (electrolysis from renewables)",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Producci\u00f3n de hidr\u00f3geno verde mediante electr\u00f3lisis con energ\u00edas renovables",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 green hydrogen is identified in Colombia's Long-Term Strategy as key to hard-to-abate sector decarbonisation",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 3 mitigation; Art. 7 clean energy development",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "N \u2014 nascent market with no CLP SME participation yet",
"cth_data_coverage": "N",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```
# CT-EN-010 — Biomass & Biogas
| **origo\_id** | CT-EN-010 |
| **origo\_label** | Biomass & Biogas |
| **sector** | EN |
| **source** | origo |
| **cpi\_aligned** | Renewable energy generation — bioenergy |
| **eu\_taxonomy\_aligned** | Partial — EU Taxonomy covers bioenergy under D35.11 with strict sustainability and GHG savings criteria |
| **cbi\_eligible** | Y — Bioenergy criteria under CBI with feedstock sustainability requirements |
| **iea\_aligned** | Y — IEA ETCS bioenergy (biogas and biomass power) |
| **col\_gf\_sector** | Energía |
| **col\_gf\_activity** | Generación de energía a partir de biomasa residual y biogás |
| **col\_gf\_aligned** | Y |
| **col\_ndc2030\_aligned** | Y — biomass waste-to-energy supports both mitigation and waste management NDC targets |
| **col\_sisclima\_relevant** | Y |
| **col\_ley2169** | Y — Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation |
| **latam\_colombia** | Y |
| **cth\_clp\_coverage** | Y — 3 CLP companies in biomass valorisation and biogas production |
| **cth\_data\_coverage** | Y |
| **schema\_version** | 1.1 |
| **last\_updated** | 2026-05-27 |
### Description
Energy generation from biomass residues (agricultural, forestry, municipal waste) and biogas (anaerobic digestion of organic waste). Covers cogeneration (CHP), direct combustion, gasification, and anaerobic digestion. Colombia has abundant biomass resources from its agro-industrial sector, particularly palm oil residues, sugarcane bagasse, coffee pulp, and municipal organic waste.
### Colombia Context
Colombia produces approximately 72 million tonnes of agricultural residues annually, with major streams from sugarcane (17M t bagasse), palm oil (12M t empty fruit bunches, POME), coffee (4M t pulp/mucilage), and rice (3M t husks). The sugar sector in Valle del Cauca already cogenerates approximately 400 MW from bagasse. Palm oil mills in Magdalena Medio, Meta, and Santander generate biogas from POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) with growing adoption of biodigester technology. Ley 2099 classifies biomass-to-energy as non-conventional renewable, granting full tax incentives. CREG regulates biogas injection into natural gas networks under Resolución 045 de 2022. MinAmbiente's NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action) for the palm sector promotes methane capture from POME. Municipal waste-to-energy is regulated under Ley 1715 and the Plan Nacional de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos (PGIRS). TVC explicitly lists residual biomass energy as an eligible green activity.
### EUDR Relevance
Direct EUDR relevance for palm oil residue-based biomass: palm oil is a core EUDR commodity (Regulation 2023/1115). While residue utilisation (empty fruit bunches, POME) does not directly constitute palm oil trade, EUDR due diligence applies to the originating plantation. Biomass from palm residues must demonstrate deforestation-free sourcing for the underlying palm commodity. CTH's EUDR data platform (data.cleantechhub.net) tracks geolocation hashes for palm supply chain traceability.
### CTH Data Coverage
Three CLP cohort companies work in biomass: one in palm POME biodigestion, one in coffee pulp valorisation, and one in municipal organic waste biogas. Sustenttia diagnostics assess waste management and biomass utilisation in agro-industrial enterprises. REIN Hub data from Santander and Meta documents palm residue volumes and current disposal/valorisation practices in PDET territories.
### Green Finance Alignment
TVC-aligned for residual biomass energy generation. CBI-eligible with feedstock sustainability verification (no purpose-grown energy crops without certification). EU Taxonomy alignment is partial — strict GHG savings thresholds (80% reduction vs. fossil comparator) and sustainability criteria for biomass sourcing under RED III. IDB Lab has funded biodigester pilot programs in Colombia's palm and livestock sectors.
```
{
"origo_id": "CT-EN-010",
"origo_label": "Biomass & Biogas",
"sector": "EN",
"source": "origo",
"cpi_aligned": "Renewable energy generation \u2014 bioenergy",
"eu_taxonomy_aligned": "Partial \u2014 EU Taxonomy covers bioenergy under D35.11 with strict sustainability and GHG savings criteria",
"cbi_eligible": "Y \u2014 Bioenergy criteria under CBI with feedstock sustainability requirements",
"iea_aligned": "Y \u2014 IEA ETCS bioenergy (biogas and biomass power)",
"col_gf_sector": "Energ\u00eda",
"col_gf_activity": "Generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda a partir de biomasa residual y biog\u00e1s",
"col_gf_aligned": "Y",
"col_ndc2030_aligned": "Y \u2014 biomass waste-to-energy supports both mitigation and waste management NDC targets",
"col_sisclima_relevant": "Y",
"col_ley2169": "Y \u2014 Art. 7 renewable energy; Art. 3 mitigation",
"latam_colombia": "Y",
"cth_clp_coverage": "Y \u2014 3 CLP companies in biomass valorisation and biogas production",
"cth_data_coverage": "Y",
"schema_version": "1.1",
"last_updated": "2026-05-27"
}
```